The Monastic Pint Answers from church history on today's questions

What is the chief end of man? To glorify God and enjoy him forever

What Christian writers said, from about AD 1265 to 1915.

50 passages · 20 writers · 6 centuries

The short answer

The Westminster Shorter Catechism answers that man's chief end is to glorify God and to enjoy him forever, and the Larger Catechism says the same. Watson sets out the two ends of life, the glorifying of God and the enjoyment of him, and says glorifying God covers all three persons of the Trinity. Owen says living to God as our chief end consists in doing all things to his glory and aiming at the enjoyment of him, and Watson says it is glorifying God to aim purely at his glory. Spurgeon says whatever we eat, drink, or do in trade is to be done to the glory of God, and Calvin says it is a sacrilegious profanation of God's gifts when men propose any other object than to glorify him. Watson says God is the chief good and the enjoyment of him is the highest felicity, and that diligence in glorifying God is the way to come at last to enjoy him.

The catechism answer

14 passages · 6 writers · 1600s to 1900s

The Westminster Shorter and Larger Catechisms of 1647 state the answer that man's chief end is to glorify God and enjoy him forever. Watson explains that the answer names two ends of life, Maclaren and Spurgeon repeat it, and Spurgeon says the end is to enjoy God, not merely to enjoy oneself.

1647 · Westminster Assembly, The Westminster Shorter Catechism 1

Q. What is the chief end of man? A. Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.

1692 · Thomas Watson, A Body of Divinity, Contained in Sermons upon the Westminster Assembly's Catechism 2.1

A: Man's chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him for ever. Here are two ends of life specified. 1: The glorifying of God. 2: The enjoying of God. I. The glorifying of God, I Pet 4:1: ‘That God in all things may be glorified.' The glory of God is a silver thread which must run through all our actions. I Cor 10:31. ‘Whether therefore ye eat or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.'

1870 · Charles Haddon Spurgeon, Spurgeon's Sermons, Volume 16 (1870) 912

I have always loved that first question and answer in the Assembly's Catechism, "What is the chief end of man? The chief end of man is to glorify God and to enjoy Him forever." Not to enjoy yourself forever, not even to enjoy the harps of gold, the angelic society and the feasts of the beatified—but to enjoy God forever. If a man has as yet no delight in God and takes no solace in thoughts of Him, he has no fitness for Heaven, and cannot get there.

What it is to glorify God

29 passages · 16 writers · 1500s to 1900s

Watson says it is glorifying God to aim purely at his glory, and that glorifying God consists in admiring him and in adoration or worship. Owen says living to God as our chief end consists in doing all things to his glory, in actions natural, civil, and sacred, and Calvin says man must aspire to the glory of God exclusively. Tillotson says we glorify God by doing our duty and by acts of worship and obedience, and Charnock says men's aims in their duties must centre on God's glory, with self-advantage kept subordinate to it.

1646–1690 · John Owen, Sermons of John Owen new.12

In answer, Our living unto God as our chief end consists in two things:— (1.) Our doing of all things unto his glory; and, (2.) Our aiming in and above all things at the enjoyment of him. (1.) He is so when we do all things unto his glory; which the Scripture expressly requireth of us. In actions natural and civil, and in things sacred or religious, “whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God,” 1 Cor. x. 31.

1668 · John Owen, The Nature, Power, Deceit, and Prevalency of the Remainders of Indwelling Sin in Believers 16

But, now, besides these things, man being created in an especial manner to give glory to God by rational and moral obedience, and so to obtain a reward in the enjoyment of him, there are many things in the law of his creation that are peculiar to him, — as to love God above all, to seek the enjoyment of him as his chiefest good and last end, to inquire after his mind and will and to yield obedience and the like; all which are part of the law of his nature. Now, these things are not distinguished so, as though a man might perform the actions of the law of his nature, which are common to him with other creatures, merely from the principles of his nature, as they do; but the law of his dependence upon God, and doing all things in obedience unto him, passeth on them all also. He can never be considered as a mere creature, but as a creature made for the glory of God by rational, moral obedience, — rational, because by him chosen, and performed with reason; and moral, because regulated by a law whereunto reason doth attend.

1692 · Thomas Watson, A Body of Divinity, Contained in Sermons upon the Westminster Assembly's Catechism 2.1

God has twisted together his glory and our good. We glorify him by promoting our own salvation. It is a glory to God to have multitudes of converts; now, his design of free grace takes, and God has the glory of his mercy; so that, while we are endeavouring our salvation, we are honouring God. What an encouragement is this to the service of God, to think, while I am hearing and praying, I am glorifying God; while I am furthering my own glory in heaven, I am increasing God's glory.

What it is to enjoy God

7 passages · 5 writers · 1200s to 1800s

Watson says God is the chief good, so the enjoyment of him is the highest felicity, and that there is a fulness in God that satisfies while the soul still desires. Spurgeon says to enjoy God himself forever will be a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. Edwards says a man must first love God before he esteems the glorifying and enjoying of God as his happiness.

1265–1273 · Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica II-II, q. 83, a. 9, co.

For since prayer interprets our desires, as it were, before God, then alone is it right to ask for something in our prayers when it is right that we should desire it. Now in the Lord's Prayer not only do we ask for all that we may rightly desire, but also in the order wherein we ought to desire them, so that this prayer not only teaches us to ask, but also directs all our affections. Thus it is evident that the first thing to be the object of our desire is the end, and afterwards whatever is directed to the end. Now our end is God towards Whom our affections tend in two ways: first, by our willing the glory of God, secondly, by willing to enjoy His glory. The first belongs to the love whereby we love God in Himself, while the second belongs to the love whereby we love ourselves in God.

1692 · Thomas Watson, A Body of Divinity, Contained in Sermons upon the Westminster Assembly's Catechism 2.1

Being thus divinely qualified by grace, we shall be taken up to the mount of vision, and enjoy God for ever; and what is enjoying God for ever but to be put in a state of happiness? As the body cannot have life but by having communion with the soul, so the soul cannot have blessedness but by having immediate communion with God. God is the summum bonum, the chief good; therefore the enjoyment of him is the highest felicity.

1692 · Thomas Watson, A Body of Divinity, Contained in Sermons upon the Westminster Assembly's Catechism 2.1

Fresh joys spring continually from his face; and he is as much to be desired after millions of years by glorified souls as at the first moment. There is a fulness in God that satisfies, and yet so much sweetness, that the soul still desires. God is a delicious good. That which is the chief good must ravish the soul with pleasure; there must be in it rapturous delight and quintessence of joy. In Deo quadam dulcedine delectatur anima immo rapitur [There is a certain sweetness about God's person which delights, nay, rather, ravishes the soul]: The love of God drops such infinite suavity into the soul as is unspeakable and full of glory.

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