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2 Corinthians 4:17: our light affliction, which is but for a moment

What Christian writers said, from about AD 203 to 1913.

45 passages · 22 writers · 7 centuries

The short answer

Paul sets a light affliction that lasts a moment against an eternal weight of glory. Chrysostom says tribulation is light because of the hope of things to come, not by its nature. Tertullian takes the outward man that perishes as the flesh and the inward man renewed as the soul by hope in the promises, and Augustine says troubles inflicted on the outward man become light to the inner man who is renewed from day to day. Maclaren says only when the things not seen are made the standard do we understand the things that are seen, and Owen says beholding by faith things not seen makes the burden of afflictions light. Calvin says Paul does not mean that affliction always works eternal glory and restricts it to believers, and Barnes says not all earthly trial works out the eternal weight of glory.

Light affliction and the weight of glory

31 passages · 18 writers · 300s to 1900s

Chrysostom, Calvin, Owen, Watson, South, and Spurgeon discuss Paul's contrast of light affliction with a weight of glory.

387 · John Chrysostom, Homilies on the Statues to the People of Antioch (De statuis) 16.11

Not only, then, on account of our security, but also for our pleasure and consolation hath He ordained that the things which are grievous should be first; in order that being lightened with the hope of futurity, we should be rendered insensible to what is present. And this Paul would shew and make plain, when he said, “Our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. While we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen.” He calls tribulation light, not because of the intrinsic nature of things that are grievous, but because of the expectation of good things to come.

1548 · John Calvin, Commentary on 2 Corinthians 4.17

As our flesh always shrinks back from its own destruction, whatever reward may be presented to our view, and as we are influenced much more by present feeling than by the hope of heavenly blessings, Paul on that account admonishes us, that the afflictions and vexations of the pious have little or nothing of bitterness, if compared with the boundless blessings of everlasting glory. He had said, that the decay of the outward man ought to occasion us no grief, inasmuch as the renovation of the inward man springs out of it. As, however, the decay is visible, and the renovation is invisible, Paul, with the view of shaking us off from a carnal attachment to the present life, draws a comparison between present miseries and future felicity. Now this comparison is of itself abundantly sufficient for imbuing the minds of the pious with patience and moderation, that they may not give way, borne down by the burden of the cross. For whence comes it, that patience is so difficult a matter but from this, — that we are confounded on having experience of evils for a brief period, and do not raise our thoughts higher? Paul, therefore, prescribes the best antidote against your sinking down under the pressure of afflictions, when he places in opposition to them that future blessedness which is laid up for thee in heaven.

The outward man perishing and the inward man renewed

5 passages · 5 writers · 200s to 1900s

Tertullian reads the outward man as the flesh perishing under persecution and the inward man as the soul renewed by hope in the promises, and Tillotson reads them as the body wasted and weakened and the mind growing stronger in resolution. Augustine says troubles inflicted on the outward man become light through faith, good hope, and charity in the inner man.

c. 203–213 · Tertullian, Scorpiace 13

“But though,” says he, “our outward man perisheth”—the flesh doubtless, by the violence of persecutions—“yet the inward man is renewed day by day”—the soul, doubtless, by hope in the promises. “For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory; while we look not at the things which are seen, but at the things which are not seen. For the things which are seen are temporal”—he is speaking of troubles; “but the things which are not seen are eternal”—he is promising rewards. But writing in bonds to the Thessalonians, he certainly affirmed that they were blessed, since to them it had been given not only to believe on Christ, but also to suffer for His sake. “Having,” says he, “the same conflict which ye both saw in me, and now hear to be in me.” “For though I am offered upon the sacrifice, I joy and rejoice with you all; in like manner do ye also joy and rejoice with me.”

391–430 · Augustine of Hippo, Sermons on Selected Lessons of the New Testament (Sermones 51-147) 20.3

The Psalmist saith, “Because of the words of Thy lips I have kept hard ways.” But the things which are hard to those who labour, lose their roughness to those same men when they love. Wherefore it has been so arranged by the dispensation of the Divine goodness, that to “the inner man who is renewed from day to day,” placed no longer under the Law but under Grace, and freed from the burdens of numberless observances which were indeed a heavy yoke, but meetly imposed on a stubborn neck, every grievous trouble which that prince who is cast forth could inflict from without on the outward man, should through the easiness of a simple faith, and a good hope, and a holy charity, become light through the joy within.

Looking at the things not seen

6 passages · 5 writers · 300s to 1900s

Chrysostom, Owen, and Maclaren say that looking at the things not seen, which are eternal, makes present affliction light. Owen and Mayo say this looking is by faith.

1910 · Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture: 2 Corinthians (chapters 1 to 5) 4.18

And the thought that emerges from it directly is that only when we take the ‘things that are not seen’ into account, and make them the standard and the scale by which we judge all things, do we understand ‘the things that are seen.’ That triumphant paradox of the Apostle’s about the heavy burdens that pressed upon him and his brethren, lifelong as these burdens were, which yet he calls ‘light’ and ‘but for a moment’ is possible only when we open the shutter of the dungeon which we fancied was the whole universe, and look out on to the fair land that stretches beyond. A man who has seen the Himalayas will not be much overwhelmed by the height of Helvellyn. They who look out into the eternities have the true measuring rod and standard by which to estimate the duration and intensity of the things that are present.

When affliction works glory

3 passages · 3 writers · 1500s to 1900s

Calvin and Barnes say affliction does not always work the eternal weight of glory, and Calvin restricts it to believers. Maclaren says it works glory when the sufferer sets it in the light of the things not seen.

1548 · John Calvin, Commentary on 2 Corinthians 4.17

Worketh out an eternal weight Paul does not mean, that this is the invariable effect of afflictions; for the great majority are most miserably weighed down here with evils of every kind, and yet that very circumstance is an occasion of their heavier destruction, rather than a help to their salvation. As, however, he is speaking of believers, we must restrict exclusively to them what is here stated; for this is a blessing from God that is peculiar to them — that they are prepared for a blessed resurrection by the common miseries of mankind.

1834 · Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible: 2 Corinthians 4.18

Let it not be inferred, however, that all affliction shall be light, and for a moment, or that all earthly trial shall of course work out a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory. There are sorrows beyond the grave compared with which the most heavy and most protracted woes this side 'the tomb, are "light," and are "but for a moment." And there are sorrows in this life, deep and prolonged afflictions - which by no means tend to prepare the soul for the "far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory."

1910 · Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture: 2 Corinthians (chapters 1 to 5) 4.18

It is often thought that a man has been so miserable here that God is sure to give him future blessedness to recompense him. Well! ‘that depends.’ If he has used his miserableness as he will use it when he lets the light of ‘the things not seen’ in upon it, then, certainly, it will work out for him the blessed results. But if he does not, then, as certainly, it will not. Whilst there are many ways by which character is hammered and moulded and shaped into that which is fit to be clothed upon with the glory that is yonder, one of the foremost of these is the passing through things temporal with a continual regard to the things that are eternal. If you want to understand to-day you must bring Eternity into the account, and if you want to use to-day you must use it with the light of the eternal world full upon it. The sum of it all is, brethren, that the things seen cannot be estimated in their true character, unless they are regarded in immediate connection with the things that are unseen; and that the things seen will only prepare an eternal weight of glory for us when they prepare us for an eternal weight of glory.